Reflective Practice In Teaching

Question: Examine about a Report on Reflective Practice In Teaching? Answer: Intelligent Practice in Teaching Intelligent practice merits uncommon notice with regards to instructing basically in light of the fact that this training improves the educators educating and relational abilities. Through intelligent practice, an educator can basically look at her training every day, and this basic self-study approach contributes a great deal in developing the instructors information (Bernstein, 2013). Through such basic assessment, (as accentuated by intelligent practice) educators can grow their collection of abilities, and join new discoveries into their training (Bernstein, 2013). What's more, considering every single such viewpoint it must be said that intelligent practice shapes the foundation of good educating, and educators enjoying such act of self-assessment are in good shape of expert turn of events. Foundation of expert principles is basic to upgrade the nature of work performed by experts in each circle of their expert life. These gauges are imbued with moral standards and explicit targets which fill in as rules to help experts in their employments. In the circle of educating as well, the foundation of expert gauges is fundamental. In the field of educating, proficient gauges help proficient instructors in arranging and building up their showing rehearses, and in satisfying their expert jobs and duties (California Standards for the Teaching Profession, 2009). These norms are rules implied for refining and upgrading the showing styles of various educators (California Standards for the Teaching Profession, 2009). Proficient guidelines are objective in nature, and on the off chance that I can hold fast to those gauges, I will have the option to improve my showing capacities and my relational aptitudes (which are basic to appropriately convey and cooperate with my understudies). Ad hering to the showing norms, I can demonstrate a superior instructing method. My model will remember methodologies to help myself for starting self-assessment through intelligent practice, and the model is additionally going to incorporate procedures through which I will have the option to improve instructing practice on the side of understudy learning (California Standards for the Teaching Profession, 2009). Additionally, my model will likewise incorporate systems that would help me in surveying my understudies progress and my own proficient advancement. It is basic to build up the base center in my showing procedure since it explicitly gives a base on which I can build up my own aptitudes alongside my capacity to decide the stage in which I will have the option to work cooperatively with subject experts (Addressing proficiency, language, numeracy and ICT needs in instruction and preparing: Defining the base center of instructors' information, understanding and individual abilities, 2013). The consideration of least center is fundamental additionally to guarantee that I am forming into a decent speaker, a decent communicator, and an attentive person who can conquer social boundaries which regularly are placed in the method of encouraging a study hall instilled with assorted variety. In addition, to upgrade my numeracy abilities, I should remember the base center for my showing procedure properly (Addressing proficiency, language, numeracy and ICT needs in instruction and preparing: Defining the base center of instructors' information , understanding and individual aptitudes, 2013). Also, it is imperative to fuse the standards of proceeding with self-awareness (CPD) during the time spent building up my own aptitudes in education, numeracy, and ICT in light of the fact that, CPD, as an idea and as a training, will help me in creating effective showing techniques through the incorporation of utilitarian abilities that are applicable to the subject of my specialization (OCT Teaching in the Lifelong Learning, 2008). References Tending to proficiency, language, numeracy and ICT needs in instruction and preparing: Defining the base center of instructors' information, understanding and individual aptitudes. (2013). LSIS, [online] pp.1-58. Accessible at: https://repository.excellencegateway.org.uk/fedora/objects/import-pdf:93/datastreams/PDF/content [Accessed 18 Jan. 2016]. Bernstein, K. (2013). The Reflective Practice of Teaching. [Blog] THE WHOLE CHILD. Accessible at: https://www.wholechildeducation.org/blog/the-intelligent act of-instructing [Accessed 18 Jan. 2016]. California Standards for the Teaching Profession. (2009). Commission on Teacher Credentialing, [online] pp.1-16. Accessible at: https://www.ctc.ca.gov/teacher prep/gauges/CSTP-2009.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2016]. OCR Teaching in the Lifelong Learning. (2008). [online] Available at: https://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/75548-level-5-unit-30-proceeding individual and-expert development.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2016].

Management by Objectives Essays

The executives by Objectives Essays The executives by Objectives Essay The executives by Objectives Essay For what reason should associations participate in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately mind boggling and far reaching HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The progressing procedure of deliberate intending to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most important resource is HR office. The target of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and employments, while evading labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are determining work request, breaking down present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully. The board by Objectives (MBO) strategy includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every representative and afterward occasionally evaluating the advancement made. Favorable circumstances: 1. It sets goals that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the representative interest for objective-setting process. 3. It additionally includes employee’s dynamic interest in building up the activity plan. . It gives a chance to director and representative to talk about advance and change targets when vital. Weaknesses: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among chief and worker for setting the goals, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an examination strategy that joins the advantages of story bas ic episodes and quantitative appraisals. Preferences: 1. It is a generally progressively precise technique for measure. 2. It has clear characterized norms. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable criticism to representatives. 4. It is free of measurements and a reliable technique for examination. 5. It is created through dynamic interest of the two chiefs and occupation officeholders. 6. It has a more prominent possibility of acknowledgment as the two directors and officeholders are associated with its turn of events. Detriments: 1. It requires some investment and pledge to create. 2. There are independent structures that must be created for various occupations. Q3. Clarify the rising patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Show your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require generally intricate and complete HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of precise wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most important resource is HR office. The target of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among representatives and occupations, while evading labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, investigating present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully. The executives by Objectives (MBO) technique includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every worker and afterward occasionally looking into the advancement made. Points of interest: 1. It sets destinations that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the representative support for objective-setting process. 3. It likewise includes employee’s dynamic cooperation in building up the activity plan. 4. It gives a chance to supervisor and representative to examine advance and change destinations when important. Burdens: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among director and representative for setting the destinations, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an evaluation strategy that joins the advantages of story basic episodes and quantitative appraisals. Focal points: 1. It is a generally increasingly precise strategy for measure. 2. It has extremely clear characterized gauges. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable input to representatives. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a steady strategy for evaluation. 5. It is created through dynamic cooperation of the two administrators and employment officeholders. 6. It has a more noteworthy possibility of acknowledgment as the two chiefs and officeholders are engaged with its turn of events. Impediments: 1. It requires some investment and responsibility to create. . There are discrete structures that must be created for various employments. Q3. Clarify the rising patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Represent your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require moderately mind boggling and far reaching HR arranging frameworks than is n't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The progressing procedure of orderly wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most significant resource is HR division. The target of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and employments, while maintaining a strategic distance from labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are determining work request, dissecting present work gracefully, and adjusting anticipated work request and flexibly. The board by Objectives (MBO) strategy includes defining explicit quantifiable objectives with every worker and afterward occasionally surveying the advancement made. Points of interest: 1. It sets destinations that are quantifiable and quantifiable. 2. It remembers the worker interest for objective-setting process. 3. It additionally includes employee’s dynamic support in building up the activity plan. 4. It gives a chance to director and worker to talk about advance and adjust destinations when vital. Disservices: 1. It is tedious. 2. It might bring about a back-and-forth or forward and backward conversations among administrator and representative for setting the targets, activity plan and so on. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) is an examination strategy that joins the advantages of story basic episodes and quantitative evaluations. Focal points: 1. It is a moderately progressively exact strategy for measure. 2. It has clear characterized gauges. 3. It helps in giving explicit valuable criticism to representatives. 4. It is autonomous of measurements and a predictable strategy for examination. 5. It is created through dynamic cooperation of the two directors and employment occupants. 6. It has a more noteworthy possibility of acknowledgment as the two supervisors and occupants are engaged with its turn of events. Weaknesses: 1. It requires some investment and responsibility to create. 2. There are independent structures that must be produced for various employments. Q3. Clarify the developing patterns in Human Resource Management and talk about the significance of innovation on human asset work. Show your answer with models. Q4. For what reason should associations take part in HR Planning? For what reason do a few associations require generally perplexing and far reaching HR arranging frameworks than isn't that right? Talk about. Preparing and chalking out the future courses of activities to be followed. The continuous procedure of deliberate wanting to accomplish ideal utilization of an associations most significant resource is HR division. The goal of human asset (HR) arranging is to guarantee the best fit among workers and employments, while staying away from labor deficiencies or surpluses. The three key components of the HR arranging process are anticipating work request, examining present work flexibly, and adjusting anticipated work request and gracefully.

How to Help Your Child Start the College Search

How to Help Your Child Start the College Search Your child is a freshman in high school, and you’re already thinking about college. “Too soon?” you ask. Absolutely not, and here’s why: Not only is college is a major investment, but the search process is complicated. There are literally hundreds of schools to choose from, each with different strengths and weaknesses when it comes to your child’s needs. Your family requires time to make an informed decision. But where do you start, and what’s your role as a parent in all this? We’re here to help. Where to Start 1. Talk about expectations and preferences. Having a family conversation can help answer many questions up front so everyone is of a similar mindset moving forward. For example: What’s your child looking to get out of the college experience?What are you hoping for them?Does your child already have any colleges in mind?What about majors?Who will be paying for what?Does your family have any cost restrictions?How and when will each of you participate in the search process? (Want more advice on how to talk to your child about college? We have a blog on that, too.) 2. Research. Once you’ve had an initial discussion, start doing some research. Take a look at any schools your child has expressed an interest in and search for ones that have their intended major or match the experience they’re seeking (big/small, public/private, in-state/out-of-state, etc.). You can do much of this research online through college search sites likeCollege Board orCappex. These sites make it easier to compare and contrast U.S. colleges based on your child’s preferences. If you have specific colleges in mind, we also suggest visiting their admissions websites. This is where your child can sign up to receive more information via mail and email. A quick reminder: If you do any of this research on your own, make sure to send it along to the rest of your family so they can check it out, too. 3. Start visiting colleges. Although descriptions and photos can help, the best way for you and your family to learn more about a college is by visiting. Visiting can also help your child better recognize what exactly they’re looking for in a college, and it’snever too early to start! Colleges offer a variety of visit opportunities throughout the year, including on weekends. Work with your child to determine any colleges you can or should visit, and then sign up for days that work for the whole family. 4. Encourage your child to explore their interests. Your child probably doesn’t know what they want to major in yet, and even if they do, it’s quite possible they’ll change their mind later on. That’s okay. High school is the perfect time toself-reflect and explore. Your job? Encourage them to do so! Your child can learn more about themselves and the kinds of things they like to do (or don’t like to do) by getting involved in clubs, working part-time, job shadowing, and more. Plus, colleges like it when students have had experiences related to the field to which they’re applying. 5. Help your child stay on track academically. Students are required to take certain subjects in high school in order to qualify for admission at certain colleges (including Illinois). Sometimes these requirements vary depending on the major or the college. Make sure your child is aware of these course requirements now so they can work with their counselor to craft an appropriate class schedule each semester. Gradesâ€"including freshman yearâ€"count, too! Your Role Some parents are heavily involved in their child’s college search process. Others are more hands off. The way you choose to approach things is up to youâ€"you know your child best and what they need from you. Take your cue from them. However involved you choose to be, empower your child to take charge of their future by encouraging them to schedule their own high school counseling meetings, sign up for their own college mailing lists, and more. This is great practice for the kinds of responsibilities they’ll take on once at college and beyond. Finally, be their sounding board, their cheerleader, and their advocate. Let them know theyve got this and know youve got this, too! college college prep resources parents planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

Petroleum and Oil Essay - 1004 Words

Oct.29,2013 Tarmageddon Rhetorical Analysis Essay A good and successful article is an article that is logically organized and does not disrupt the flow of thought and content that is provided in the piece of work as well as a good writing style which keeps the reader engaged throughout their read. The author Andrew Nikiforuk has created a nice and logical structure within his article. He starts by stating how Europeans felt towards Canada before and continues by explaining what has changed their stance towards Canada. He then leads on by describing oil and the specifics of the oil Canada is refining while noting its problems along the way while recounting how Canada changed, explaining why those changes transpired. Towards the end†¦show more content†¦(PARAGRAPH 8, PAGE 212) Another example is where the author states, â€Å"it takes 12 barrels of steam to melt one barrel of Bitumen†. He doesn’t only include relevant details about the oil; he also provides important detail s about the government officials who do not take this issue seriously. (PARAGRAPH 16, PAGE 212) He does not suddenly make a blunt claim that the Prime minister doesn’t take notice of the problem at hand. Instead he gives us important background information â€Å"son of imperial oil executive† which is the reason behind the Prime minister’s negligence towards the oil problem. All of the facts and reasons that the author uses to support his article shows us that he isn’t trying to benefit from the power of emotion because he knows that emotions are unstable, he plans to use the power of logic and reason which have much more stability and validity to rally support from his fellow readers. In addition to the appealing to the audience’s reason the author uses an informative writing style in this article to inform his audience of the issue at hand and its consequences if it isn’t handled appropriately and increase the article’s effectivenes s consequentially. He doesn’t narrate a story nor does he state his personal opinion anywhere in his work. He solely relies on the information he hasShow MoreRelatedPetroleum and Oil991 Words   |  4 Pagesstate-owned petroleum monopoly. While both Russia and LUKoil must export to meet their economic objectives, political relations within and outside of Russia could impair LUKoil’s future ability to export. Thus, foreign investment and ties to Western oil companies are very important to the firm’s ultimate success. Controlling 19 percent of Russia’s oil production and refining capacity and employing more than 120,000 people in its operations worldwide, LUKoil has become Russia’s largest oil companyRead MorePetroleum and Oil980 Words   |  4 Pagesstate-owned petroleum monopoly. While both Russia and LUKoil must export to meet their economic objectives, political relations within and outside of Russia could impair LUKoil’s future ability to export. Thus, foreign investment and ties to Western oil companies are very important to the firm’s ultimate success. Controlling 19 percent of Russia’s oil production and refining capacity and employing more than 120,000 people in its operations worldwide, LUKoil has become Russia’s largest oil companyRead MoreGreenwashing: Petroleum and Oil3155 Words   |  13 PagesGreenwashing It is now popular to be environmentally conscious in American society. It is completely acknowledged by the populace that oil will, indeed, run out within a lifetime, leaving a demand for a different kind of energy source. Hybrid cars, such as the Prius are now mainstream, recycling is day-to-day, finding organic fruits, vegetables, and meat is as easy as walking to the nearest grocery store, and using plastic bags has been deemed unacceptable. Global warming, while debated and questionedRead MoreThe Oil Spill Of The Petroleum Arena Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesEngland, BP PLC is one of the market leaders in the petroleum arena; who paired with Halliburton, and Transocean for what was intended to be a mutually beneficial partnership for all companies involved. On April 20, 2010, the company experienced one of the most historic events in the oil industry; which is referred to as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 or Gulf of Mexico oil spill of 2010. To date, this event is noted as the largest marine oil spill to have ever occurred in the USA; extendingRead MoreBritish Petroleum And Oil Spill1197 Words   |  5 PagesGulf of Mexico. The ocean was filled with oil which harmed the environment. The oil spill is considered to be the biggest spill in the United States. Several sea creatures were covered with oil, it contaminated them and killing others. The local people were affected by the oil change by having no job due to the water being toxic. The British Petroleum company do not take fault for the explosion but they cleaned up the oil spill. Although the British Petroleum contradicted themselves making the situationRead MoreOil Drilling Regulations : British Petroleum1461 Words   |  6 PagesOil Drilling Regulations British Petroleum(BP) had a massive oil spill on April 20, 2010. In the BP Oil Spill, more than 200 million gallons of oil was spilled into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of eightyseven days, making it the biggest oil spill in United States history. The initial oil rig explosion killed eleven people and injured seventeen others(â€Å"11 Facts†). The spill killed hundreds of animal, plant life and destroyed the environment. BP was penalized up to $40 billion in fines. StricterRead MoreBritish Petroleum ( Bp ) Oil Company1737 Words   |  7 Pages British Petroleum ( BP) Oil company, is one of the world s biggest global oil company that has had a track record of continuously wrecking and damaging multiple economies. BP is based in London, it was founded in 1908, originated in the northern eastern hemisphere from Persia . BP merged with Amoco and works with Transocean,and Halliburton, BP has been at fault for quite a few oil leaks, explosions, Safety Lapses, refinery explosions, and the list goes on, and they have just repeatedlyRead MoreEffects Of The British Petroleum Oil Spill1170 Words   |  5 PagesThe Major Effects of The British Petroleum Oil Spill The BP Oil spill pumped almost 200 million gallons of crude oil into the gulf of mexico, for approximately 87 days. This became the largest and most devastating oil spill in the United States. The coastlines of Texas, Alabama, Florida, MIssissippi and Louisiana were drastically effected by this horrible oil spill. In the end the BP oil spill negativity impacted more than 16,000 miles of coastline. Even today, oil is appearing on shores, and createdRead MoreNigerian National Petroleum Corporation : Oil1616 Words   |  7 Pages1950’s vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in Nigeria, making oil a crucial aspect of the Nigerian economy. Foreign oil companies have then since dominated the oil exploration, drilling, and shipping and 87% of the government’s revenue comes from oil production. Shell Oil decided to enter Nigeria in 1937 through a joint venture with the government owned Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (55%), Total EP Nigeria Ltd (10%), and Agip Oil Company Limited (5%). Shell Oil controls approximatelyRead MoreThe British Petroleum And Bp Oil Spill Essay2006 Words   |  9 PagesThe British Petroleum (BP) Oil Spill occurred in April of 2010 and hurt many people, animals, businesses, and the economy of the many cities it impacted. It is recognized as the â€Å"worst oil spill† in the history of the United States, killing eleven people. The spill occurred due to a leak in a pipe that spilled oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The BP Oil well was not capped until 87 days later, by which 3.19 million barrels of oil had already spilled into the the Gulf of Mexico. The BP Oil spill did not

Nt1310 Essay example - 934 Words

Define the following terms: 1. Horizontal Cable : A type of inside cable designed for horizontal use in non-plenum areas. While horizontal cable must be fire retardant, the National Electrical Code (NEC) specifications are not as demanding as those governing the use of plenum cable or riser cable. See also NEC, plenum, plenum cable, and riser cable. 2. Backbone Cable : Backbone cabling is the inter-building and intra-building cable connections in structured cabling between entrance facilities, equipment rooms and telecommunications closets. Backbone cabling consists of the transmission media, main and intermediate cross-connects and terminations at these locations. This system is mostly used in data centers. 3. Patch†¦show more content†¦9. Crimpers: A tool used to crimp, to join two pieces of metal 10. Fish Tape : a flat tempered spring-steel tape or wire used in pulling electric wire and cables (as into conduit runs) —called also snake wire 11. Continuity Tester: is an item of electrical test equipment used to determine if an electrical path can be established between two points;[1] that is if an electrical circuit can be made. The circuit under test is completely de-energized prior to connecting the apparatus 12. Category 5e/6 Cable : cabling is used as a cabling infrastructure for 10BASE-T (Ethernet), full duplex 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet) and 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet, or GbE) networks. The Cat 5e standard provides performance of up to 100 MHz and can be used up to a maximum length of 100 meters. 13. Binder Groups: A group of wire pairs bound together, usually by some sort of color-coded plastic tape or thread. In a large twisted pair cable, there may be many pairs combined into binder groups of 25 pairs for ease of connectivity management. Each pair within a binder group is uniquely color-coded for further ease of management. See also cable and wire. 14. Hybrid/Composite Cable : composite cable A communications cable having both optical and metallic signal-carrying components. Note 1: A cable having optical fiber(s) and a metallic component, e.g., a metallicShow MoreRelatedUnit 3 Exercise 1 Nt13101332 Words   |  6 Pages| Unit 3. Exercise 1. | | Specifications - Definitions | | Unit 3. Exercise 1. | | Specifications - Definitions | NT1310: physical networking April 15, 2014 Authored by: Nicholas Rapisardi NT1310: physical networking April 15, 2014 Authored by: Nicholas Rapisardi 1. Application (in terms of cabling infrastructure): The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with theRead MoreNT1310 unit 5 Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 5 assignment 1 and definitions When performing a cable installation, there are a lot of things that you have to put into consideration. First, you want to draw up a plan. Some things that you would want to include in the plan would be: where your telecommunications rooms are located, what is the distance from your leased line to your core router, and what type of cable are you going to be using for your backbone and horizontal lines. The first thing shouldn’t be cost when you are designingRead MoreEssay about nt1310 midterm1095 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1. Name the common cable types used today a. Utp b. Stp c. Fiber optic d. plenum 2. What unit of measurement is a tenfold logarithmic ratio of power output to power input? a. Decibel 3. Name 3 things that can contribute to attenuation. a. Conductor Resistance, b. Mutual Capactitance, c. Impedence. d. other 4. Name 3 things that can contribute to attenuation. a. Conductor Resistance, Mutual Capactitance, Impedence. 5. Name 3 types of crosstalk. a. Near end cross talk, Far end Cross Talk, EqualRead MoreNt1310 Unit 1 Assignment 11060 Words   |  5 PagesInstall OpenVPN onto Windows Server 2012r2 into the H1 Country Club Network for Remote Access OpenVPN is an open-source software application that implements virtual private network (VPN) techniques for creating secure point-to-point or site-to-site connections and remote access facilities. OpenVPN allows authentication using certificates or username/password. OpenVPN can work in two different modes regarding encryption. It can use static encryption or Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). The advantageRead MoreNT1310 Unit 9 Lab 11254 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿New Building-Optical Networks The new structure has been given a grant to make its network state of the art by making it a fiber optic network. The topics of discussion that will be mentioned in this paper are the hardware that will be necessary for the inside and outside of the building and how we would expand the fiber to an adjacent building if it is built. Another topic to be discussed will be describing the safety procedures that will be following during the installation. INSTALLATION HARDWARERead MoreNT1310 Unit 10 Lab 1 Building A New Structure- Problem Analysis2020 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ NT1310 Unit 10 Lab 1 05/28/13 Building A New Structure- Problem Analysis Troubleshooting fiber Fiber optic cable was once reserved for high-performance needs, but today it’s turning up in all kinds of networks. If you’re familiar with copper cable, you’ll quickly discover that fiber optic cable is a completely different animal. Not only is the installation process different for fiber, but also the troubleshooting process. Fiber optic cable is also far more fragile than copper cable, soRead MoreNT1310: Week 1 Data on Fixed Line vs. Cellular Debate1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Wired Viruses Cellular Networks While the majority of end user these days have hand held cellular devices, many of them think it ends there. Most cellular calls still end up utilizing the fixed wires that have been installed worldwide. While cellular coverage can degrade and is even non-existent in some areas of the United States, the copper cables and fiber that have been installed since the late over the last century plus are there to pick up these users. When first thinking of fixed lineRead MoreNT1310Unit1Assign1Homework Essay616 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ NT1310 Unit 1 Assignment 1: Voice vs. Data Jerry Poet Assignment: Cell Phones – They use both voice and data with the use of cell tower to send data from the network to the cell phone. Landline phone – both because your voice is being transferred through the wires as packets of data. SMS / Text Messaging – SMS is short for Short Message Services. Text messages are a way to send and receive messages over cellular data networks. Also, SMS / Text Messages can only contain up to 160 charactersRead MoreFiber Cable, Tools, And Test Equipment872 Words   |  4 PagesAID=25152 (2014) Multimeters Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimeter Oliviero, A., Woodward, B. (2011-12-12). Bonus Appendix: Telecomm ta Cabling NT1310, 4th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://itt- tech.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119116967/ Oliviero, A., Woodward, B. (2010-04-19). Cabling NT1310, 4th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://itt-tech.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119116929/ (2015) Telecom Surplus Resources retrievedRead MoreUnit 7 Lab 1768 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Baldeo Persaud NT1310 Unit 7 Lab 1: New Building – Safety Plan Safety is very important and should not be overlooked because ignoring it can cost you in the long run. It is vital to plan and test the safety procedures that are to be used in a new structure. Safety should always be a priority in the work area. You should always have a plan in place in case something was to happen unexpectedly. The Safety Plan should follow the rules that are set down by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

Does Social Inequality Exist in Jamaica Free Essays

Introduction â€Å"Social Inequality allows for the exclusion of individuals and the formation of prejudices and discrimination. Carefully analyze and discuss the validity of this statement based on current events in the Jamaican society. † Social Inequality is the existence of socially created inequalities; it occurs when ideology and power combine to make one group of people feel inferior to another. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Social Inequality Exist in Jamaica or any similar topic only for you Order Now From a sociological perspective people are able to assess both opportunities and constraints that characterize their lives as it relates to age, sex, gender, race and class and based on this, many ills that the world faces today are derived from some person’s blatant disregard for differences. A prejudice is a preconceived belief toward a particular group while discrimination is a behavior (an action), with reference to unequal treatment of people because they are members of a particular group. Some theories suggest that racism is a characteristic of an abnormal minority of the population and that this abnormality is psychological. This prejudice may lead to racial discrimination. We may be familiar with this form of discrimination being more prevalent in recent times (Apartheid, Hitler vs. Jews) than now. In answering the question this report will outline the causes of social inequality and show that Social Inequality is prevalent in all societies including Jamaica. Race Ethnicity Within sociology, the term ethnic, race, minority, and dominant group have very specific meanings, different from the meanings the terms have in common, their usage. These concepts are important in the development of a sociological perspective on race and ethnicity. Race A race is a group of people treated as separate in society on the basis of certain characteristics, some of which may be biological, that have been assigned social importance. Because of presumed biologically or culturally inferior characteristics, a race is typically singled out for its uniqueness and unfortunately succumbs to unfair treatment. Therefore it is not biological characteristics per se that defines racial groups, but how groups ave been treated historically and socially over the years. Societies assign people racial categories such as Black, White, and so on. Not by science, logic or fact, but by opinion and social experiences. In other words, how racial groups are defined is a social process. This is what is meant when we acknowledge that race is â€Å"socially constructed†. The use of biological differences to judge an individual seems some what arbitrary. F or example we differentiate people based on skin color and not other characteristics such as personality traits or culture. Jamaica is made up of several races, but the majority is dark skinned. Most people interact with their own kind and do not get the opportunity to interface with others of a different race. However, for the ones who do, they may say that we are not a racist society but would more likely discriminate based on a persons’ socio-economic status. This may be true but there remains the irony that individuals with high socio-economic statuses are usually the light skinned (Caucasian, Indian, Chinese). Ethnicity This refers to a social category of people who share a common culture, for example a common language or dialect; a common religion; and common norms, practices, customs and history. Ethnic groups have a consciousness of their common cultural bond. Jamaicans, Americans, Trinidadians, Japanese, Mexican Americans and so forth, are examples of ethnic groups. However ethnic groups are also found in other societies, such as Pashtuns in Afghanistan or Shiites and Sunnie in Iraq whose ethnicity is based on religious differences. An ethnic group does not exist simply because of the common national or cultural origins of the group. These groups develop because of their unique historical, cultural origins or social experiences. These experiences become the basis of the group’s ethnic identity. PREJUDICE A prejudice is a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a group of people or a single person because of race, social class, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, disability, political beliefs , religion, line of work or other personal characteristics. It also means a priori beliefs (without knowledge of the facts) and includes â€Å"any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence. Although positive and negative prejudice both exist, when used negatively, â€Å"prejudice† implies fear and antipathy toward such a group or person. †¢Cognitive Prejudice refers to what people believe to be true: for example, in adherence to a particular metaphysical or methodological philosophy at the expense of other philosophies which may offer a more complete theoretic al explanation. †¢Affective Prejudice refers to what people like and dislike: for example, in attitudes toward members of particular classes such as race, ethnicity, national origin, or creed. Conative Prejudice refers to how people are inclined to behave. It is regarded as an attitude because people do not act on their feelings. An example of conative prejudice may be found in expressions of what should be done if the opportunity presents itself. These three types of prejudice are correlated, but all need not be present in a particular individual. Someone may believe that a particular group possesses low levels of intelligence, but harbor no ill feeling towards that group. A group may be disliked because of intense competition for jobs, but still recognize no differences between groups. DISCRIMINATION Discrimination is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken toward or against a person of a certain group that is taken in consideration based on class or category. The United Nations explains: â€Å"Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, but they all involve some form of exclusion or rejection. Discriminatory laws such as redlining have existed in many countries. In some countries, controversial attempts such as racial quotas have been used to redress negative effects of discrimination Farley also put discrimination into three categories: Personal / Individual Discrimination is directed toward a specific individual and refers to any act that leads to unequal treatment because of the individual’s real or perceived group membership. †¢Legal Discrimination refers to â€Å"unequal treatment, on the grounds of group membership, that is upheld by law. Apartheid is an example of legal discrimination, as are also various post-Civil war laws in the southern United States that legally disadvantaged Negros with respect to property rights, employment rights and he exercise of constitutional rights. †¢Institutional Discrimination refers to unequal treatment that is entrenched in basic social institutions resulting in advantaging one group over another. The Indian caste system and European feudal system are historical examples of institutional discrimination. As with prejudice generally, these three types of discrimination are correlated and may be found to varying degrees in individuals and society at large. Many forms of discrimination based upon prejudice are outwardly acceptable in most societies. What is Gender? Gender is a social classification that divides individuals into one of three categories (masculine, feminine, androgyny) as defined by behaviour, cultural and/or physiological traits learnt and expressed. The Difference between Gender and Sex Sex is a biological classification the divides individuals into categories (Male, Female, Hermaphrodite) as defined by their Chromosome make-up, reproductive organs, external genitals, hormonal states, internal genitals and secondary sex characteristics. Therefore sex is fundamentally different from gender on the basis that sex is determined by sex from birth and gender is determined by socialization after birth. Gender: Functional History The gender roles in society today are as a result of thousands of years of social evolution going back to the beginnings of society. Lets us take a look at how gender evolved into what it is today. The first type of society that existed, hunter/gatherer societies, men and women shared equal roles as the food gatherers in society. Women secured the more stable sources of food such as ground provisions grains and fruits while men secured the less stable sources of food from hunting game. This is due to the fact that hunting is a physically intensive activity and thus more naturally suited for the men in society however both sources of food were important to the welfare of the society and therefore both men and women had comparable roles. However while comparable, these roles would go on to influence society through the ages as the gathering of food tended to be relatively close to the settlement and the hunting of food would be further away. We see therefore that women were socialized to stay close to home and men were socialized to journey away from the home. This comparable role relationship remained similar in pastoral and horticultural societies however a huge shift came when people began to form agrarian societies. Men took the role of primary food gatherers in society freeing women from the task of food gathering. Thus women adopted alternative roles in the home to occupy their time. This however elevated the role of men in society while at the same time decreasing the roles of women. Men became more educated and took on more complex jobs within society. Women became the nurturers and home-makers of society. Thus the sexual division on labour became institutionalized ( Lengerman and Wallace, 1985) In industrial society women were reintegrated in the workplace however they were typically low paying unskilled jobs and their male counterparts were typically paid more for the same work. The role of women in society was slowly increasing at this point. Gender: Functional Analysis of Jamaican Society Traditionally in Jamaican society women are seen to be the home-makers and men the bread winners. This is due to the fact that the two genders play a complimentary role to each other (Talcott Parsons 141, 1964; orig 1951). In other words a complex Co-dependency between each gender that fulfils the economic social companionship, and social placement needs of a family unit thus holding and shaping society and. Each gender is socialized from birth to fulfil their respective roles. Boys are socialized to be competitive and aggressive through sports and aggressive role-models and yard work thereby allowing them to compete and survive in the working world as part of the labour force when they become Men. Girls are socialized to be sensitive and caring through dolls and house chores so that once they become Women they are better able to run the household and rear children. In a family unit these roles compliment each other and act as a stabilizing force for the unit and by extension for society. These stabilizing forces are perpetuated through various schemes of social control. Individuals who fail to show appropriate levels of masculinity or femininity are ridiculed and ostracised by society, this produces guilt and fear of rejection in the individual and serves to reinforce gender classes. Gender: Functional Analysis – Critical Comments The functionalistic view of gender is unable to proper explain many occurrences of modern society. With the post-industrial society we see that women are increasingly taking on more complex roles in society due to the reduction in the amount of physical labour needed to perform complex tasks through industrialization, the ability to control contraception, the feminist movement and poverty level (women in poorer household work out of necessity). Indeed most households now reply on a two person income. This however has left women with the dual roles of home-maker and breadwinners. This is a very daunting task as such many women remain single to avoid such a scenario. Alternatively since women have become a large part of the labour force we see that in couples, men have now either partly or in rare cases fully taken over the tasks of nurturing and caring for a child so as to fill the void created by the absence of the mother Traditionally androgyny was a socially ostracised gender however lately there has been a blurring of the roles separating the genders. We see this in ‘the sensitive new age guy’, ‘the metro sexual’, in women with short hair (short hair was traditionally a masculine feature), in male bleaching and male earrings (both of which were initially feminine traits). Gender Discrimination Though gender discrimination and sexism refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Sex discrimination, on the other hand, may have legal consequences. Though what constitutes sex discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. Discrimination of that nature in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Currently, discrimination based on sex is defined as adverse action against another person, that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. This is considered a form of prejudice and is illegal in certain enumerated circumstances in most countries. Sexual discrimination can arise in different contexts. For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being asked discriminatory questions during a job interview, or because an employer did not hire, promote or wrongfully terminated an employee based on his or her gender, or employers pay unequally based on gender. In an educational setting there could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan, student group, or scholarship due to his or her gender. In the housing setting there could be claims that a person was refused negotiations on seeking a house, contracting/leasing a house or getting a loan based on his or her gender. Another setting where there have been claims of gender discrimination is banking; for example if one is refused credit or is offered unequal loan terms based on one’s gender. In todays Jamaican society, it is debatable as to whether ones sex influences their position or status in life. A feminist Shulamith Firestone believed that women were disadvantaged by their biology, due bto the fact that they bear children and as s result they become dependent on the male species for survival. This dependence ion men produced unequal power relationships. Local journalist Peter Espeute, believes that boys face challenges due to inequality from as early as Primary school level. He disputes that girls are usually seated at the front of the class, while the boys sit at the back where they idle and play instead of learning. He also states that the entrance test given to children to decide what High school they go to is given at the wrong stage in their life cycle. It is a fact that at age eleven (11), girls are mentally more developed that boys, therefore the girls would outperform the boys, get the scholarships and be placed at the â€Å"best† schools. A study done by Kevin Harper of Howard University show that gender biases occur even in doctor offices. Doctors are deemed upper class statuses in Jamaica, and see themselves as â€Å"the almighty healers† (Payne-Jackson 1997). The study revealed that doctors were more apologetic to male patients who were kept waiting. More so males of high statuses. Female patients tended to be treated more like children needing instructions. Another example of gender bias may be seen in the workplace. In Corporate Jamaica, males in high positions (CEO,GM, etc. ) are paid higher wages than their female counterparts. As you go down the scale you will find that the salaries are usually level. However in some institutions such as factories and industrial complexes, because of the nature of the job, men are favoured. Even if females are among them, night shifts and overtime are usually approved for the men. The United Nations had concluded that women often experience a â€Å"glass ceiling† and that there are no societies in which women enjoy the same opportunities as men. The term â€Å"glass ceiling† is used to describe a perceived barrier to advancement in employment based on discrimination, especially sex discrimination. Social Class The term social class refers to a system of social stratification which is based on individual achievements, resulting from the unequal distribution of wealth, power and prestige. A hierarchical distinction is made between individuals or groups of people within the society. Social stratification is regarded as structured inequality based on the characteristics of the society and usually persists over a long period of time. It is usually universal and often occurs on the basis of access to the scarce factors of production: it also occurs on the basis of other factors, such as race, gender, age, religion and caste. Social stratification is usually prevalent in most societies. Usually a person’s status is either ascribed or achieved. An ascribed status is usually fixed at birth and depicted by ones sex or race. An achieved status is depicted by ones achievements throughout their lifetime, usually occupational. An open society usually fosters social mobility between the different social classes. Social mobility is the movement of individuals between, or up or down the different class structures over time owing to improvements in their fortunes. Social mobility is usually achieved through the following avenues: 1. Education, the attainment of higher tertiary education leads to more expertise and usually higher income paying jobs. 2. Hard work 3. Marriage, an individual marries into a rich family 4. Family status, the name of a rich family member usually opens doors for that individual 5. Talents and skills 6. Physical attributes, e. g. Miss World, usually marries into a powerful or rich family 7. Luck A closed system does not foster social mobility. Social positions are ascribed at birth and the system is very rigid with clearly defined structures. The caste system in India is a very good example of a closed system of stratification. In this system an individual is born in caste and this determines their occupation, education, social interaction and power. No amount of hard work and achievement can change their status or caste over time. The best example of the open system is the class system. This is found in most modern industrial societies around the world. One’s class in this system is largely determined by ones occupation, education, income, wealth and power. There are four classes in this system. They are the upper-class, the middle class, the service class and the underclass. The upper class is usually made up of the top ten percent (10%) of the wealthy people in the society. This class is also broken down into two classes: the upper and the lower class. ?The upper- upper class is made up of people who normally have â€Å"old money† and are set apart by their wealth and power. These persons have been born and raised with wealth; mostly consists of old â€Å"noble† or prestigious families. The Royal Family of England would be a prime example of the upper – upper class. The lower- upper class is made up of people who have extraordinary large income, which is achieved through occupational means. These people are usually referred to as having â€Å"new money†. These individuals have become rich within their own lifetimes. This class consists of people who own large companies or are CEO’s of large companies. It also consists of entrepreneurs, mo vie stars, top athletes, as well as some prominent professionals). The middle class is divided into three different groups. They are the upper -middle class, the service- class and the lower- middle class. The upper middle class is usually made up of people who have prestigious occupations, such as doctors, lawyers, politicians and entertainers. These people usually earn very high incomes and live in prominent neighborhoods and are able to send their off springs to colleges and universities abroad. These people usually accumulate lots of wealth overtime. ?The service- class is made up of highly trained people who are usually managers at their place of work. These people usually have secured careers and earn very good incomes on the job. Business consultants, teachers, and small business operators are good examples of persons who fall within this class. ?The lower- middle class is reserved for people who earn an average income and enjoy a decent standard of living. These people work in mainly less prestigious white collar jobs and include Sales Representatives, Supervisors, Bank clerks and Office clerks. Most of these people have not acquired a tertiary level education. The working class is usually those people who live from paycheck to paycheck and are called blue collar workers. These people usually earn what is known as â€Å"minimum wage† and are normally the first set of workers to be affected in times of recession. The underclass is those people who fall below the poverty line. They are usually temporarily employed or unemployed and are usually dependent on the state for survival. Conclusion As our motto rightly states â€Å"Out of Many One People†, we are diverse in race, ethnicity, and socialization. Based on our research which included a questionnaire (Appendices), we can clearly state that Social Inequality exists worldwide and Jamaica is no exception. The questionnaire was issued to twenty persons which included two Rastafarians, Two Chinese, three Mixed race individuals, one Caucasian and the rest were Negros. Half were male and the other half females. The results were as follows:- Age discrimination was felt by one young man (22 years old) who was a bus driver by profession. He expressed that persons were not willing to take his bus when they saw that he was the driver. The Rastafarians who were ironically from the lower class said they faced discrimination from every aspect (class, beliefs). Most of the females stated that men are preferred for jobs in the corporate world. One lady in particular related an experience of being in an interview and was told that she did well but they want to hire a male, as too many women were in the office. The only white man that did the questionnaire expressed that he felt discriminated just because of his colour; he was not comfortable going out alone because some people thought that he had something to offer them and were constantly begging. Therefore the question is answered Social Inequality does lead to people forming prejudices which may influence their actions toward person of a particular group or groups. How to cite Does Social Inequality Exist in Jamaica, Papers

Hotel and Resort Industry in Indonesia

Question: Write a report about thehotel and resort industryin Indonesia. Answer: Introduction: The hotel industry is growing immensely in Indonesia. The hotel and resort industry thus need to implement effective human resource management within the business to lead the industry towards success. The human resource management within the business helps in providing the best service to the customers which further helps in gaining customer satisfaction towards the organization as a whole. The human resource management also helps in implementing a transparent communication system within the business organization which further helps in lowering the possibility of dispute or turnover rate as a whole. (Stone Dulebohn, 2013). The Fairmont Hotels and Resorts thus implements human resource management to establish its new subsidiary in remote areas named Komodo Island. It also provides eco-friendly service to the customers and helps in conserving the resource of energy in the country as well. The organization provides service to 19 different countries which further helps in the improvemen t of the business in the international competitive scenario as a whole. (Appelbaum Fewster, 2014) The Fairmont Hotels and Resorts are growing rapidly in the international market which helps in the globalization of the business as a whole (Rule Irwin, 2012). The industry also provides the best service to the customers and helps in preserving the environment of the country as well. The human resource strategy effectively helps in the improvement of the business operations in the market. The human resource management also implements effective retention strategy that helps in attracting more employees within the organization as a whole. .The motivational factor that includes the reward strategy helps in improving the quality of the service as well. Moreover the recognition and the attractive remuneration strategy also help in gaining more loyal employees which consequently helps the business corporate to lower the turnover rate as well. The limitation of the business is the selection of the remote areas which led to the turnover of the employees within the workplace (Appelbaum Fewster, 2014). The success of the business corporate also depends to a certain extent on the selection of the location of the new establishment. The remote location needs various other commodities that might help the industry to retain its position as the best service quality in the market. This would lead the industry towards the success in the competitive market. However, the limitations led the organization to affect the productivity of the organization which further led the company to face the challenge in retention of the employee towards the organization as a whole. Identification and Discussion of Key Issues: The hotel industry in Indonesia: The global hotel and resort industry refers to the leisure and recreational purpose towards the customers across the borders. Indonesia thus improves the hotel industry which further helps the business to gain the competitive advantage in the international competitive scenario as a whole (Ng et al., 2012). The hotel industry thus provides services to the customers regarding providing luxury rooms, eco- friendly environment, and comfort as well (Thite, 2012). This helps in the improvement of the company and also helps to increase the growth rate of the organization as a whole. The hotel industry like Fairmont Hotel and Resort thus establishes a business in Indonesia which helps to gain profitability in the market (Thamrin, 2012). This also helps the corporate business in improving the service quality towards the customers as well. The development of the hotel industry in new remote place also helps to attract more newlywed customers in order to maintain their privacy and thus helps in gaining sustainability of the business in a remote place as well (Rego et al., 2012). Indonesia also expands the business operations through providing best service in an island which further helps in gaining customers across the borders as well. This further helps in the improvement of the rate of employee satisfaction as well within the workplace. The employee satisfaction also helps the company towards organizational development which further helps to get exposure in the market as well. The industry thus emerges rapidly in Indonesia which provides with the best quality of service towards the customers and also helps to retain loyal customers as well in the market (Bevir, 2012). The hotel industry also helps the country to improve the economic condition through attracting more customers towards the organization as a whole. The economic structure of the country also depends largely on tourism industry. Thus, a newly established subsidiary in remote locations helps to add further va le towards the economic structure of the country as well. Thus, it helps the employees as well to get motivated more towards the organizational business and helps in retaining employees as well. The human resource management within the company effectively helps in the improvement of the service and productive quality as well (Zaied, 2012). The customers satisfaction helps in expansion of the corporate in the market as well (Bratton Gold, 2012). Thus, it helps the country as well as the business to retain its position in the international competitive market and also helps in gaining more loyal employees as well. Remote site and management challenges: The hotel and resort industry by their nature are considered to be risky, uncertain and complicated as well. The hotel industry in the market attracts more customers with their service, but the industry gets affected through certain factors in the market (Niu et al., 2012). There are certain factors that might lead the industry to face challenges in gaining loyal customers and also lowers the rate of turnover of employees within the workplace as a whole. The remote areas prove to be a challenge for the industry as it need to provide various luxurious commodities which make the industry unique from the other hotel industry (Lim Ling, 2012). The remote industry may also affect the productivity which further affects the employee satisfaction level within the workplace. Thus, it led the business to suffer a loss which consequently affects the organizational success in the market (Zaied et al., 2012). The corporate business implements effective motivation strategies that might overcome the challenging phase and led the organization to attract more customers as well. The effective human resource management helps the organization to use the remote location as their USP, which helps to retain their position in the market as a whole (Bimber et al., 2012). This also helps the organization to stand as a unique location, and the service may add up to their prime location as well. Thus, it also helps the organization to gain more loyal customers which further helps in the development of the business as a whole. The business with the effective implementation of the marketing strategy also helps in the improvement of the customer rate and helps in the growth rate of the company as well (Hendry, 2012). The industry thus with effective marketing strategies helps in providing the customers with comfort and quick service that add success towards the competitive organization in the international market as well. Risk associated with remote hotel industry: The Fairmount Hotel and resort industry in Indonesia face several challenges regarding retention of the staff in the market. This led the business to get affected by the challenges which further led towards the turnover of employees within the workplace as a whole. The selection the remote location of Fairmount Hotel and Resort industry in Komodo Island face certain challenges which affect the productive rate of the employees a well in the market (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Thus, it led the business towards the risk factors which further affects the brand value of the organization as a whole (Brewster et al., 2016). The risk factor gets highly associated with the industry regarding staffing as well. The location may prove to be a challenge to attract customers which further led the business towards decreasing the economic growth of the organization as well (Jiang et al., 2012). The remote location may also lead the business to lose the loyal customers within the organization and helps in lowering the efficient employees as well. The remote hotel industry also may get affected by the various situational factors which affect the organization internally and externally as well. The internal factors may face risk like employee turnover which affects the productivity of the organization as a whole. The remote place Komodo Island thus affects the Fairmount hotel and resort industry to retain more loyal employees within the organization as well (Daft, 2012). The remote industry also affects the satisfaction level of the employee within the workplace which helps the company also to increase the turnover rate of the employee within the workplace. The remote industry also gets affected regarding service provided by the industry and affects the economic condition of the industry as well (Mathis Jackson, 2012). The remote location thus affects the customer satisfaction and further affects the productivity of the company as well. This helps the company towards improving the service of the organization towards the custome rs and helps in gaining competitive advantage as well (Banfield Kay, 2012). The effective human resource management within the organization thus helps in the improvement of the company and also helps in gaining more loyal customers towards the organization as a whole. Effective HRM practice: In organization, especially in hotel industry Human Resource Department plays a major role on which the rise or fall of that organization entirely depends. For Fairmount Hotel and Resort, it is paramount that their human resource management work effectively in order to meet their organizational goals in Komodo Island National Park of Indonesia. Currently the organization is facing some issues while recruiting eligible and qualified employees in the company. On the other hand, organizations are also unable to retain their old employees. This is the main reason that the productivity of Fairmount Hotel is going down and the customers are not getting satisfied by the services provided by the organization (Hong et al., 2012). Therefore, the authority of the organization will have to implement an efficient human resource management. In order to implement an effective human resource management, the authority of Fairmount Hotel will have to put skilled and well-rounded staff with a reputation of being trusted with important confidential information. The department will have to help Fairmount to grow their organizational culture in a way that will be similar with the culture of Indonesia and Komodo Island (Jamali, El Dirani Harwood, 2015). Besides, in order to deal with the employee retention problem, human resource department of the organization will have to implement motivational systems such as employee reward system. Besides, work place diversity is another option that the human resource department of the organization can implement in order to gain competitive advantage over the existing market rivals (Yang et al., 2012). High-involvement work system: The human resource management helps in improving the organizational structure which further helps the business to retain the staff more towards the organizational structure and also helps in gaining competitive advantage as well (Lepak et al., 2012). The effective system also helps to involve the employee more towards the productivity that helps in improving the profit rate of the Fairmount Hotel and Resort industry as well. The management of the business also helps in the development of the involvement of the work system which helps in gaining more loyal employees within the workplace as a whole (McShane Von Glinow, 2012). The involvement of the work system helps in the improvement of the business which further led the organization towards the expansion of the operations in the market as well. Motivation and Reward - The involvement helps the employee to get motivated more towards the organizational development and helps in gaining competitive market as well. The motivation of the employee helps in retaining more skilled employees and thus also helps to provide best service to the customers as well. The implementation of the human resource management also helps in the performance appraisal of the employee which keeps motivating employee and thus help in retention of the employee as well. The implementation of the human resource management helps in the improvement of the organization which further helps in attracting more employees within the workplace as well (Brynjolfsson Hitt, 2013). This also helps in the development of the organization and also helps in attracting employees towards remote areas as well. Reward and Recognition - The recognition within the workplace also helps in which further helps in the retention of the staff as well. The involvement also helps to motivate more employees within the Fairmount Hotel and Resort industry and thus increase the growth rate of the company as well (Long et al., 2012). The work system also helps in improving the quality of the production which adds value to the organization as a whole. The implementation thus helps in rewarding the employees which further helps in motivating employees within the workplace (Zarsky, 2012). This also may lead to the recognition of the employees which motivate and satisfy more employees within the workplace as a whole. The d This helps in the development and also helps in improving the growth rate of the employee and also helps in motivating more employees as well. The employee satisfaction also helps in the improvement of customer satisfaction which helps in the success of the Fairmount Hotel and Resort industry as well in the market (Lasserre, 2012). This helps in the expansion and helps in the organizational success as well. The high involvement of the employee also helps in the organizational development and thus led the organization towards the profitability as well. Attraction and Retention Strategies: Employee attraction and retention strategies include three types of processes which are process from organizational context, employment practices and community and social concerns. In organizational context, if reputation and culture of an organization is comfortable and amicable then it is obvious that employees will never quit their jobs. Fairmount already has a good reputation all over the world; however, they will have to enhance their organizational culture so that local employees can feel comfortable with it. With this, high quality leadership, quality management, good communication system, excellent ethics and professional standards can also help the organization to attract and retain its employees (Roundabout, 2016). Performance Appraisal - Employment practices within an organization includes monetary reward systems such as bonus, increments, high payment for overtime can attract new employees. On the other hand non-monetary systems such as health insurances, long holiday leaves, transportation system and recognition can also motivate the employees to work harder. A motivated employee never quits his job and always deals with any complex situation with excessive care (qtic.com.au, 2016). Training and Development - Training and skill development facilities can also make the employees feel that the organization is thinking about them. This will flourish loyalty among the employees and loyal employees always stay with their organization. Fairmount can also follow the same path as providing extra payment to the employees will not be a hard job for their because of strong financial background. On the other hand, it is not easy for the local employees to understand what type of services the organization want to provide to its customers without proper training sessions. Therefore, conducting training sessions would help the organization in both ways. Community social concerns are another part where Fairmount can play a major role in Indonesia. Nowadays, most of the leading organizations play a huge role while contributing to a country where they doing their business. Fairmount can also use their most strong organizational achievement which is eco-friendly operations in all of their hotels around the world in order to promote sustainability in Indonesia (Hutchings et al., 2011). This will not only impress the internal and external stakeholders but also will impress the Government of the country. They can also run an event to minimize the unemployment level of the country. These initiatives would help the authority of Fairmount to attract potential customers and to retain its existing employees. Conclusion: From the discussion it is clear that in spite of having a strong background and financial support, Fairmount is unable to retain its staff in Indonesia. This clearly shows that the local people is either not liking the organizational structure or not liking the amount they are receiving as salary. Therefore, it is high time for the company to enhance their organization structure by implementing things which are comfortable to the local people. Besides, if people are leaving because of salary problems then Fairmount will have to consider a raise in their payment system. Besides, if the organization does not want to implement a rise, then they can implement strategies such as bonus, payments for overtime and incentives. The human resource management effectively helps in the development of the Fairmount Hotel and resort industry in the international scenario. The human resource management also helps in the organizational success through the effective implementation of the motivation strategy as well. The motivation strategy thus includes the reward and recognition of the employee who helps in effective retention of the employee as well. The recognition strategy thus helps in the satisfaction of the employees which also add to the motivation level of an employee as well. This also helps in the organizational development and success as a whole. The retention of the employee also helps in the growth of the business and thus helps to increase the productivity rate of the company as well. The best service and the quality production help the organization to gain competitive advantage and help in the organizational expansion in the market as a whole. This also helps in the sustainability of the business in the market. Recommendation: The corporate sector needs to implement marketing strategy that helps in the business world towards the development as well. The human resource management also helps in the employee retention which further helps to increase the employee growth rate as well. This further helps the organization Fairmount hotel industry to gain the competitive advantage as well. The various factors affect the profit rate of the organization that may help in retaining employee more towards the industry as a whole. The corporate also helps to gain loyal customers with improved service quality and helps in retaining its position in the market as a whole. The human resource management also helps in the organizational success in terms of implementing effective motivation strategy. The retention strategy includes the reward and recognition strategy that further helps in lowering the attrition rate of the employee as well. Reward strategy also helps the employee in motivating more towards the organization as a whole. The motivation also helps in attracting more employees and thus solving the issue faced by the Fairmount industry as a whole. This helps to retain employees and helps in lowering the turnover rate of the employee as well. Thus, it also helps in attracting more customers and gaining loyal customers more towards the business as a whole. The marketing strategy also helps in the development of the growth rate of the business and further helps in gaining competitive advantage as well. The promotional strategy helps in gaining more loyal employees and further helps in getting more exposure in the market as a whole. This also helps the company to retain its position in the market and helps in motivating more employees to restrain within the workplace as well. Thus, it helps the organization to gain expansion in the international scenario and helps in retaining staff as well. The marketing as well as effective human resource strategy thus helps the business to overcome the challenges in the market and gain sustainability as well in the international market. Reference List: Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), 7-35. Appelbaum, S. H., Fewster, B. M. (2014). Safety and customer service: contemporary practices in diversity, organizational development and training and development in the global hotel industry.Management Research News,27(10), 1-26. Banfield, P., Kay, R. (2012).Introduction to human resource management. Oxford University Press. Beadles, I. I., Aston, N., Lowery, C. M., Johns, K. (2015). The impact of human resource information systems: An exploratory study in the public sector.Communications of the IIMA,5(4), 6. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Buller, P. F., McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), 43-56. Delahaye, B. (2015).Human resource development. Tilde Publishing. Hong, E. N. C., Hao, L. Z., Kumar, R., Ramendran, C., Kadiresan, V. (2012). An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis. International journal of business research and management, 3(2), 60-79. Hutchings, K., De Cieri, H., Shea, T. (2011).Employee attraction and retention in the Australian resources sector. Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(1), 83-101. Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2016). Green human resource management and green supply chain management: Linking two emerging agendas.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 1824-1833. Jamali, D. R., El Dirani, A. M., Harwood, I. A. (2015). Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ HRM coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), 125-143. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A., Winkler, A. L. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human Resource Management Review,22(2), 73-85. Lepak, D. P., Liao, H., Chung, Y., Harden, E. E. (2012). A conceptual review of human resource management systems in strategic human resource management research.Research in personnel and human resources management,25(1), 217-271. Lim, L. J., Ling, F. Y. (2012). Human resource practices of contractors that lead to job satisfaction of professional staff.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,19(1), 101-118. Long, C. S., Perumal, P., Ajagbe, A. M. (2012). The impact of human resource management practices on employees turnover intention: A conceptual model.Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business,4(2), 629-641. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. (2012).Human resource management: Essential perspectives. Cengage Learning. McShane, S., Von Glinow, M. (2012).Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ng, T. W., Feldman, D. C. (2012). The effects of organizational and community embeddedness on work-to-family and family-to-work conflict.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(6), 1233. Niu, K. H., Miles, G., Bach, S., Chinen, K. (2012). Trust, learning and a firm's involvement in industrial clusters: a conceptual framework.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,22(2), 133-146.

The Effect of the Prospero-Caliban Relationship on Dehumanization in Colonialism free essay sample

In The Tempest, Shakespeare makes the reader feel sorry for Caliban and resentful of Prospero. Even before Caliban appears on the stage, he is portrayed by Prospero as being a deformed and bestial being. Prospero creates this through his mistreatment of Caliban and his protrayal of Caliban as an animal. However, Shakespeare does give Caliban a voice. Everytime Prospero attempts to suppress him, Caliban is always able to fight back with arguments. One thing that Caliban and Prospero share in common is that others have exercised authority over them; Antonio over Prospero and Prospero over Caliban. The relationship between Prospero and Caliban suggests that the birth of colonialism was not only due to the exploitative attitudes of the colonizer, but is partly due to the dependency of the natives on the superior others. The Prospero-Caliban relationship resembles Cesaire’s argument about how colonization dehumanizes both the colonizer and the colony. To Prospero, Caliban is like an animal that he could rack with cramps, fill his bone with cramps as well as make him â€Å"roar† that shall make the beasts tremble if he does not obey Prospero’s commands (Shakespeare, I, 2, 369-371). We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of the Prospero-Caliban Relationship on Dehumanization in Colonialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here, both the savage treatments and the verb ‘roar’ reflect Prospero’s bestial view of Caliban’s being, embodying Cesaire’s argument about how colonization makes the colonizer get into the habit of seeing and treating other men as animals (Cesaire, p. 41). At the same time, as Cesaire said and as I will argue below, colonization also objectively transforms the colonizer into an animal. If we go back to Caliban’s story of how he first met Prospero and Miranda, we would agree that at the beginning Caliban and Prospero had a relationship similar to father and son. Caliban used to love him and appreciate what he had taught him; â€Å"he (Prospero) made much of me.. Teach me how to name the bigger light.. † (Shakespeare, I, 2, 333 and 335). Caliban had come to trust him so much that he then revealed the richness of the island to Prospero. Heartlessly, Prospero repays all that with persecution. Not only his treatment of Caliban resembles his inhumane personality but even Miranda, his own daughter, is often silenced by Prospero. Although he loves her so much and she is one of his most precious treasures, Prospero does suppress her voice throughout the play. Another example that shows Prospero’s dehumanized characteristic is his mistreatment of Ferdinand. He enslaves Ferdinand and portrays him as a bestial being just like Caliban. Prospero’s ambition to take over the land from Caliban turns him into a ruthless person and the way he treats Caliban, Miranda, and Ferdinan resembles his dehumanized personality. Colonialism not only accustoms the colonizers to see and treat the other men as animals, but it unconsciously transforms them into animals themselves. The way Shakespeare describes Caliban as savage, bestial, deformed, â€Å"howling monster† (Shakespeare, II, 2, 188), â€Å"moon-calf† (Shakespeare, II, 2, 111-112), â€Å"poisonous slave† (Shakespeare, I, 2, 318), â€Å"a born devil† (Shakespeare, IV, 189), and moreover the way Prospero ruthlessly treats him promotes the idea of dehumanization of the colonies. Nonetheless, The Tempest is ambivalent in promoting the idea of colonial enterprise. Caliban’s sufferings encourage the reader to sympathize with him, but that is true only at the beginning of the play. Towards the end, Caliban starts to enslave himself. He decides to make Sebastian his master to replace Prospero. He even declares himself a slave, â€Å"For aye thy footlicker† (Shakespeare, IV, 1, 219) and more surprisingly he refuses to be freed by Prospero at the end of the play. This strongly implies that Shakespeare represents Caliban as a dependent being; giving him the option to live independently yet having him choose to follow and serve Prospero instead. Although The Tempest is ambivalent in promoting the colonial enterprise, it does show resentment toward colonialism by showing how Caliban detests the mistreatment of Prospero. By emphasizing Caliban’s dependency, Shakespeare seems to agree that the birth of colonization was not only due to the exploitative attitudes of the colonizer but in fact was partly due to the dependency of the natives on the superior others. The justification of colonialism is a conviction Shakespeare tries to embed in The Tempest. However, Shakespeare clearly shows that slavery is socially neither an appropriate nor acceptable relationship. Regardless of his dependency on superior others, Caliban dislikes all the inhuman treatment he got from Prospero. This mistreatment not only results in hatred but also leads Caliban to consider killing Prospero.

Free Essays on Cosmological Argument

My paper will present the Cosmological Argument for God‘s existence, and show that its underlying principle, the Principle of Sufficient Reason, fails to establish it as a sound argument for the existence of God. To accomplish this, I will, first, define the Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason; then explain the argument, and how it is based on the Principle of Sufficient Reason; and finally, show that there is not enough evidence to prove that the Principle of Sufficient Reason is true, which in turn leads to the flaw in the Cosmological Argument. There are many versions of the argument. Saint Thomas Aquinas (in the thirteenth century) and Samuel Clarke (in the eighteenth century) are the dominant contributors in the development of the argument. Though their arguments differ slightly, both men based their arguments on the observation that the world is rooted on causal relationships. Their arguments can be summarized into one argument as follows: Either the world is made up of things that depend on others for their existence (dependent beings), or things that are self-existent (independent beings). Not everything can depend on another for its existence. Therefore, there is some self-existing being, and that being is God. The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) maintains that there must be an explanation of the existence of any being, and of any positive fact what so ever. Premise 1 stems from Anselm's division of beings into the three cases: 'explained by another [dependent beings],''explained by nothing,'' and explaine d by itself [independent/self-existing being].’ The first rule of PSR holds that every being must have an explanation for its existence. A being that is explained by nothing violates this first rule, and as a result, is left out of the first premise. This allows for only two possible types of beings either dependent or self-existent. If you hold PSR to be true, them premi... Free Essays on Cosmological Argument Free Essays on Cosmological Argument My paper will present the Cosmological Argument for God‘s existence, and show that its underlying principle, the Principle of Sufficient Reason, fails to establish it as a sound argument for the existence of God. To accomplish this, I will, first, define the Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason; then explain the argument, and how it is based on the Principle of Sufficient Reason; and finally, show that there is not enough evidence to prove that the Principle of Sufficient Reason is true, which in turn leads to the flaw in the Cosmological Argument. There are many versions of the argument. Saint Thomas Aquinas (in the thirteenth century) and Samuel Clarke (in the eighteenth century) are the dominant contributors in the development of the argument. Though their arguments differ slightly, both men based their arguments on the observation that the world is rooted on causal relationships. Their arguments can be summarized into one argument as follows: Either the world is made up of things that depend on others for their existence (dependent beings), or things that are self-existent (independent beings). Not everything can depend on another for its existence. Therefore, there is some self-existing being, and that being is God. The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) maintains that there must be an explanation of the existence of any being, and of any positive fact what so ever. Premise 1 stems from Anselm's division of beings into the three cases: 'explained by another [dependent beings],''explained by nothing,'' and explaine d by itself [independent/self-existing being].’ The first rule of PSR holds that every being must have an explanation for its existence. A being that is explained by nothing violates this first rule, and as a result, is left out of the first premise. This allows for only two possible types of beings either dependent or self-existent. If you hold PSR to be true, them premi...

Video summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Video summary - Essay Example E.g. if they would breed with the normal salmon. However, the company that is involved has argued that these fish are sterile. The FDA is yet to decide if the genetically modified fish will carry a special label. Farmers in Arkansas are facing huge losses because their crops have been infested with a type of weed known as the ‘pigweed’. The weed is native to North America. Farmers have over the years been able to fight the weed using special chemicals. However, the chemicals have suddenly stopped working. The weed has adapted to the herbicides that were being used to kill them. The weed grows 3 inches a day and kills crops and destroys farm machinery like combine harvesters and cotton pickers. The farmers have now resulted to the traditional way of dealing with weed (using manual labor) which is slow and expensive. Scientists believe that the weed is now resistant to the herbicides used to kill it and a new herbicide needs to be developed. This might take close to seven

A study on strategic management as a determinant of organization Dissertation

A study on strategic management as a determinant of organization performance.(casestudy of coca cola plc) - Dissertation Example This is where business strategies or strategic management is required. This report, thus, aims to identify strategic management as a key determinant of organizational performance. The main objective of this research is to understand the importance of the strategic management in a business, so that organizations can utilize them for improving the efficiency of the business, as well of its employees. The report gives a literature review on the topic and also explains the rationale of the study. It discusses the studies and opinions of many analysts, who have clearly mentioned in their views the connection of the use of business strategies and high performance work. The research is believed to provide crucial knowledge on the impacts of strategic management as a factor for organizational performance. Interpretive research methodology has been used in the data collection and analysis. The research approach has been qualitative, where the literature review has been used, and case study me thod has been applied. A case study on the Coca Cola Company in Nigeria has been used for the research purpose, which has helped to answer the research questions. Apart from this, interviews have also been conducted, the records of which have been collected and analyzed. During the entire research program, all the ethical issues have been taken care of, and the purpose and procedures of the study have been clearly declared. The dissertation explains all the procedures applied for data collection, the results that have been obtained, and a clear analysis based on the examinations has been provided. Based on the analysis, a view has been provided on the importance of strategic management in business organizations and its role in determining the organizational performance. Acknowledgements Table of Contents Serial no. Topic Page no. Introduction 7 Limitation of the Study 10 The Research in Detail 11 1 Introduction, Aims & objectives 11 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 Aims 12 1.3 Objectives 12 2 Literature Review 13 3 Research Methodology 23 4 Findings 28 5 Discussions 41 6 Conclusion 44 7 Recommendation 47 References 51 List of Figures Figure no. Topic Page no. 1 Response to Q.1 29 2 Response to Q.1 29 3 Response to Q.6 33 4 Response to Q.6 34 5 Response to Q.8 36 6 Response to Q.8 36 List of Appendices Serial no. Topic Page no. Appendix A Questionnaire 48 Introduction Different types of managers are present in an organization having different skills and capabilities. It is essential to make these skills work simultaneously to deal with various strategic tensions that an organization encounters (Joyce & Woods, 2001, p.3). A strategy is a cohesive and harmonized set of obligations and actions planned to develop core competencies and achieve competitive advantage (Sadler & Craig, 2003, pp.9-13). Strategic effectiveness is achieved when a firm successfully puts together and applies a value-creating approach. While choosing a strategy firms make choices among viable alternat ives. Such alternative courses of actions are accomplished using the strategic management process. A strategic management process is a full set of commitments, evaluations, and measures essential for a firm to achieve premeditated competitiveness and earn more than average returns (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisso, 2009, pp.4-6). It was as early as 1916 when Henry Fayol had suggested that planning should be used as a practice to

2014-2016 Ebola Crisis: US Preparedness

2014-2016 Ebola Crisis: US Preparedness   The 2014-2016 Ebola Crisis and the Effects on U.S. Emergency Preparedness The 2014-2016 Ebola crisis in West Africa proved to be a difficult lesson for the African countries affected as well as for the state of U.S. emergency preparedness when dealing with a relatively unknown infectious disease. Erupting from within a Guinean prefecture in December of 2013, the disease would spread through Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia unchecked due to lack of awareness and emergency preparation due to the unfamiliarity of the disease (Baize et al., 2014). The World Health Organization, Doctors without Borders, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, among others, would collaborate with regional government and public health officials to contain the disease, but the efforts would require extensive time, funding, education, and preparation, and would ultimately result in the loss of over 11,000 lives (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014, 2016). It would be the largest Ebola outbreak known to date. While U.S. public health agencies and military b ased support would play a crucial role in the end to the outbreak in 2016, the U.S. would have to come to terms with its own lack of planning and emergency preparedness when dealing with an imported infectious disease, and the fear and reservations that plagued its people and healthcare systems in its aftermath. Emergency preparedness has been shaped by a myriad of natural disasters, epidemics, and pandemics that have sieged not only countries, but entire continents. It is the journey in discovering how to approach, contain, treat, and prevent these mass health crises from re-occurring in the future, that has given rise to the complex and unique strategies that keep the general population safe.   These advances in prevention and containment, uncovered particularly in the wake of epidemics and pandemics such as the plague, Spanish Influenza, SARS, and as highlighted in this report, Ebola Virus Disease, prove that the protective measures that responders on the front line must implement to keep disaster at bay, must remain adaptable and ever fluid. The West African Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016 encroached upon the fears and concerns of continental Americans as never before in history. An elusive disease only known by most to be a worry of inhabitants of the sub-Saharan regions of the African continent, Ebola was now knocking on America’s doorstep.   Ã‚  To understand and properly weigh the gravity of the Ebola outbreak, a general understanding of the virus and most recent outbreak is warranted. Ebola virus disease is one of two members of the Filoviridae virus family and is comprised of five differing variations within itself (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).   First discovered within Africa in 1976 when two variations of the virus led to outbreaks, the Sudan viral strain, or SUDV within South Sudan, and the Ebola virus strain, or EBOV, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, were introduced (Cenciarelli et al., 2015). The spread of the virus among humans is via contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, vomit, feces, sweat, and urine, or contaminated fomites (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). However, the originating vectors are believed to be fruit bats, which are commonly hunted and eaten as wild game in some areas of Africa, and otherwise known as bushmeat (Saà ©z et al., 2014).    Upon exposure to the virus, the incubation period prior to onset of symptoms ranges anywhere from 2 to 21 days, with symptoms tending to manifest by day 8 through day 10 post-exposure (Signs and Symptoms | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC, 2014). It has been identified that infected individuals are not contagious while asymptomatic (Cenciarelli et al., 2015).   Ã‚  The tell-tale symptoms of Ebola virus primarily begin with fever, which progresses to onset of profuse diarrhea and vomiting usually after 3 to 5 days of fever (Chertow et al., 2014).   Accompanied with pain, lethargy, and secondary complications (including hemorrhaging) that occur if the patient is not given supportive treatment, the rapid deterioration in health that transpires due to hypovolemia, shock, or multi-organ failure, will ultimately lead to death (Chertow et al., 2014).   Survivors of the virus tend to improve near day 10 of active viral symptoms and are generally expected to live once they have made it to day 13 (Chertow et al., 2014). Those that do not improve and succumb to the virus tend to pass away between days 7 and 12 of viral infection (Chertow et al., 2014). The case fatality rates for the Ebola virus range anywhere from 50% to 90%, and to date there is still no definitive cure available (World Health Organization, 2018). The unfolding of the 2014-2016 crisis was fast, and the virus rampant by the time the nature of the culprit had been properly unmasked.   Ã‚  A sudden rash of illness exhibiting the characteristics of a filovirus, was first reported by health agencies within the Guà ©ckà ©dou and Macenta prefectures in Guinea in March of 2014, raising the initial red flag of outbreak (Baize et al., 2014).   A team of professionals was sent to the area in mid-March by Medecins sans Frontieres, also known as â€Å"Doctors without Borders†, and research began that same month to uncover the cause of the illnesses (Baize et al., 2014).  Ã‚   Coinciding with the beginning of surveillance and research of the outbreak of illness by Doctors without Borders in March of 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, also arrived on deck with a small team, lending an additional hand with research and guidance to the Guinean government. The CDC had already maintained a supportive presence in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, due to the assistance that it offered in vaccination of the population, and other public health related programs including combating diseases such as malaria and polio (Bell et al, 2016).   Alongside the World Health Organization, UNICEF and International Federation of Red Cross partners, a structured, five-pronged investigation emerged, with the Guinean government primarily orchestrating the response efforts (Dahl et al., 2016).   Extensive investigation and contact tracing led the researchers to surmise that the illness was in fact the EBOV, or Ebola virus, and that the suspected â€Å"patient zero† was a 2-year old from Meliandou in the Guà ©ckà ©dou prefecture (Baize et al., 2014). The toddler had succumbed to the virus in December of 2013, with the second through fourth victims passing afterwards the following January, all within the same prefecture of Guà ©ckà ©dou (Baize et al., 2014).   The agencies worked side by side with the Guinean Ministries of Health to get ahead of the outbreak, as surveillance methods in the region demanded strengthening to debilitate the spread of a disease known to have high case fatality rates, exhibiting at that time an initial 71% case fatality rate (Baize et al., 2014). The CDC, alongside the other agencies worked to support the various villages, towns, and districts through continued tracing of contacts, providing education regarding contact precautions, safety when isolating those that were ill or potentially ill, as well as options for handling the deceased with care (Bell et al, 2016).   Researchers were able to discover that it was a healthcare worker, or the 14th victim, that initiated the spread of EBOV outside of the Guà ©ckà ©dou boundaries, with further incidences popping up in surrounding areas such as Kissidougou and Macenta (Baize et al., 2014). Research indicated that at the close of March, there were well over 100 potential EBOV cases in Guinea, with almost 80 dead (Baize et al., 2014).    The voracity at which the disease spread would be fueled by unchecked traveling of contacts between Guinea and its surrounding countries, as well as individuals and healthcare workers in contact with the homes, surroundings, and families of those sick or becoming sick, unaware that the illness was in fact Ebola, and extremely infectious (Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others, 2015).   By April of 2014, the presence of Ebola had been officially confirmed in Sierra Leone and Liberia (Bell et al, 2016).   The first case of Ebola in Sierra Leone is believed to have been a woman that attended the burial of the â€Å"patient zero† in Meliandou in December of 2013 (Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others, 2015). The woman was apparently still in the home of the family of the first case when they too fell ill, and later returned to her home in Sierra Leone, where she subsequently became sick and passed away (Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others, 2015).   The Lofa County in Liberia, which skirts the Guinean border, was able to confirm its first cases of Ebola at the end of March 2014 (A timeline of the Ebola outbreak, 2014). By the end of April 2014, there were well over 200 cases across the region, however it appeared that the amount of cases was stabilizing, and on the decline in areas such as Liberia (Briand et al., 2014, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). However, after the next two months of apparent stability, reporting indicated a renewed upward trend in Ebola cases, and the fresh report of confirmed Ebola cases in the city of Monrovia, the heavily populated capital of Liberia, unveiled an exploding time bomb of infection (Liberia: A country-and its capital-are overwhelmed with Ebola cases, 2015). Even with the best efforts of all participating agencies, it had become elusive to keep up with the massive chains of potential contacts, and with the disease now appearing in Monrovia, Liberia, the city was found to be ill-prepared to deal with such a contagion, allowing it to spread like wildfire (World Health Organization, 2015). It is notable to mention that West Africa had not experienced an Ebola outbreak of any measurable magnitude, and the experience and lessons in containing the disease were bestowed upon those countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda (World Health Organization, 2015). Monrovia’s major health center was in desperate need of repairs and had limited resources, in turn opening the door for widespread infection of healthcare personnel on top of the patient care load (Liberia: A country-and its capital-are overwhelmed with Ebola cases, 2015).   With the onset of July, cases of Ebola doubled in Liberia, and a rising trend of infection persisted in Guinea and Sierra Leone (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). This rash of new cases that now plagued the region prompted the CDC to employ an Emergency Operations Center, or EOC, on July 9th, 2014 (Dahl et al., 2016). The engagement of this operation led the CDC to forward task an increased presence of personnel to directly assist the regional governments, supplying epidemiologists, laboratory scientists and a plethora of supportive staff (Dahl et al., 2016). WHO, UNICEF, and Doctors without Borders remained prominently active during the amplification of support, and with the increased presence of American aid, all agencies worked tirelessly with the local government leaders and Ministries of Health to establish a much-needed emergency management plan capable of supporting and withstanding the outbreak (Dahl et al., 2016). As the supportive efforts amongst first responders and the new cases of Ebola both drew to a fervor in the early summer of 2014, American citizens and other countries became aware of the uniqueness of this Ebola outbreak.   Word spread globally of the first case of Ebola transported into Nigeria in July of 2014 (Fasina et al.,2014). Flying from Liberia to Nigeria after exposure to the disease, the individual was symptomatic in flight, and succumbed to the illness just 5 days after the flight into Nigeria (Fasina et al.,2014). The individual was Patrick Sawyer, an American citizen from Minnesota (Man Who Died of Ebola in Nigeria Was American Citizen: Wife, 2014). A native of Liberia, but an American citizen, Mr. Sawyer had been working and living in Liberia, while his wife and children continued to reside in the United States (Minnesota Man Who Died of Ebola in Nigeria Was American Citizen: Wife, 2014).   On July 31st, 2014, a few days after the death of Patrick Sawyer, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a class 3 travel warning, advising against travel to the affected region, and highlighting measures being taken to screen travelers leaving the region to ensure that they are not infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Along with this advisory, the CDC also reported an additional advisory issued to U.S. healthcare workers, to address protocols to be followed when addressing the possibility of encountering potentially infected patients (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As confirmed cases throughout the affected region peaked to over 1300, with over 700 dead, the CDC announced in the July 2014 advisory that the United States would continue to work with international partners over the next several years to help strengthen and enhance emergency response efforts in the region, with the president of the United States aiming to dedicate $45 million dollars towards the cause (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014, 2016).   The steps that the United States would need to take to ensure its own readiness to handle Ebola would soon be put to the test, when around the same time that the CDC issued its health alert and travel advisory, it was announced that two American healthcare workers had contracted Ebola while stationed in Monrovia, Liberia (CBS/AP,2014). In late July of 2014, Dr. Kent Brantly, a doctor employed in a post-residency position with the aid group Samaritan’s Purse, became infected with Ebola while serving as a medical director in relief efforts in the area (CBS/AP,2014).   Nancy Writebol, an aid worker with the group called Serving in Mission, had also contracted Ebola in the same timeframe while working as a hygienist in the Samaritan’s Purse Ebola care center (CBS/AP,2014). Plans immediately commenced to arrange for the workers to be transported back to the United States to continue supportive care (Achenbach, Dennis, & Hogan, 2014). As part of the CDC’s recent health alert, healthcare agencies within the United States were advised to inquire of patients if they have recently traveled to or from the West African region within the prior 21-day timeframe (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The CDC stressed the importance of healthcare provider awareness of the signs and symptoms of Ebola, as well as activation of isolation and contact procedures immediately upon any suspicion of the disease (2014). Just as West Africa had never experienced an Ebola outbreak, the CDC was also aware that U.S. healthcare facilities had never dealt with the Ebola disease head on, and problems could arise if facilities were not properly equipped to handle infected patients (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2017).   Thus, in planning for the transport of Dr. Brantly and Mrs. Writebol, plans were cemented to arrange for their arrival at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta (Achenbach, Dennis, & Hogan, 2014). Emory University Hospital is one of four facilities across the United States that can treat patients diagnosed with highly infectious diseases (Courage, 2014). The two-room isolation unit housed within Emory Hospital, and constructed in hand with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provides an optimal environment for healthcare personnel and patients when managing infectious diseases (Courage, 2014). Touting state of the art digital pressure monitoring, negative air pressure and HEPA filtration, a safe zone workspace and prep area, contained bathroom facilities, and specialized laboratory space, workers can essentially care for a patient without risk of any contact with the remainder of the facility (Courage, 2014). Regarding medical waste, which is a key concern when dealing with highly infectious cases, the hospital dilutes all bodily waste in toilets with bleach for a set period prior to flushing, and all other items to include personal protective equipment from staff, and other solid items are sanitized and then incinerated (Courage, 2014).   The remaining three facilities across the United States with comparable biocontainment facilities include the National Institutes of Health’s Special Clinical Studies Unit located in Bethesda, MD, the University of Nebraska Medical Centers Biocontainment Patient Care Unit, and Saint Patrick Hospital in Missoula, MT (Courage, 2014).   As Dr. Brantly arrived at Emory University Hospital at the end of July 2014, followed by Mrs. Writebol in the first week of August, President Obama addressed the United States regarding the outbreak, assuring the American public that screening precautions in airports were in effect in West Africa and in the United States to reduce the risk of infected individuals entering the country   (Achenbach, Dennis, & Hogan, 2014). By the 8th of August in 2014, the West African Ebola Virus epidemic had become extreme enough for the World Health Organization to make an international announcement, that the situation had now become an emergency detrimental to public health (Cenciarelli et al., 2015.)   By this time, the total cases over the region equated to just over 1700, with deaths rising to near 1000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).   The numbers of cases and deaths associated with the current outbreak exceeded the worst Ebola outbreak previously documented in Uganda in the year 2000, where there were 425 cases and 244 deaths (Bell et al., 2016). The implementation of this Public Health Emergency of International Concern, or PHEIC, by the World Health Organization, is a deliberate tool meant to be used when disaster calls (Briand et al., 2014).   Meant to put emergency plans into action with the assistance of international partners, the beginning of collaborative efforts would begin to aid in mitigating the toll that the virus has taken on the affected countries.   In response to the emergency declaration by the World Health Organization, the CDC would in turn increase the amount of personnel that it had deployed to the area (Dahl et al., 2016). The White House followed suit with an official press release detailing the U.S. response to the crisis. On September 16, 2014, the White House relayed the expansion of funding and support to the evolving outbreak (The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 2014). Along with supplying additional U.S. funding to bring a total of almost $175 million invested collectively towards various supportive efforts, the White House also activated a cell of U.S. Africa Command personnel to provide on ground support in Liberia to arrange operational oversight of the U.S. based activities aligned with response efforts (The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 2014). The press release also entailed the deployment of additional personnel through the U.S Disaster Assistance Response Team, or DART, as well as the supply of care kits, training, and the institution of additional Ebola Treatment Units, as well as laboratory support (The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 2014).   The latter only briefly touches on some of the response efforts engaged by the U.S. in support of the affected region, however the need for effective emergency management measures would hit home, when just days after the White House press release, a man whom had recently traveled from Liberia to Texas to attend his son’s graduation, would arrive at the emergency room of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas, TX (Chevalier et al., 2014, VOA News, 2014). Texas Health Presbyterian’s ER would send Thomas Duncan home after treating him for what was believed to be sinusitis (Chevalier et al., 2014). Presenting to the ER with a fever, headache and stomach pain, Mr. Duncan had informed the staff that he had recently arrived from Africa, and while this information was documented in his record, the ER physician at that time somehow overlooked it, and did not conclude that Ebola virus disease should be suspected (Dallas News, 2014). The hospital would later acknowledge this oversight, as three days later, Mr. Duncan would be transported to the Texas Presbyterian Hospital’s ER, this time via ambulance, with an exacerbation of symptoms to include vomiting and diarrhea (Dallas News, 2014, VOA News, 2014). This time, Mr. Duncan’s recent arrival from Liberia would be accounted for in his medical assessment, and subsequent testing would conclude that he was in fact infected with Ebola (Dallas News, 2014).   Further exposing the fissures within the handling of this case, the hospital’s holding company later acknowledged that the clinician training regarding the Ebola virus had been available but was not required of staff at the time when Mr. Duncan presented to the facility (Dallas News, 2014).   The facility was also aware of the CDC health alert from July of 2014 that stressed the possibility of an infected traveler arriving in America due to the magnitude of the outbreak, and the need for American healthcare facilities to be on the lookout for the very symptoms Mr. Duncan presented with on September 25th, 2014 (Dallas News, 2014).   As a result, numerous people would need to be traced and evaluated relating to their contact with Mr. Duncan during his travel and after his arrival to Dallas, TX.   As Texas responders and the CDC personnel worked to trace the 48 potential contacts for Mr. Duncan, the man would eventually succumb to the disease on October 8th, 2014, becoming America’s first death from Ebola Virus Disease (VOA News, 2014.)   Some experts say that the initial misdiagnosis of Mr. Duncan is due to human error, since travel should have been an essential question asked of the patient upon assessment by the physician (Dallas news, 2014). However other experts acknowledge the difficulty of identifying a disease that has never been diagnosed on American soil (Dallas news, 2014). It was more than likely a combination of these factors that led to the results of Mr. Duncan’s case, and while Texas health officials dealt with the missteps of the event, just 3 days after Mr. Duncan’s death, one of the nurses that participated in his care would be diagnosed with Ebola, with a second nurse testing positive 4 days after the first (McCarty et al., 2014). The second nurse diagnosed with Ebola after taking care of Mr. Duncan, reported that she had traveled to Ohio from Texas prior to her diagnosis (McCarty et al., 2014).   Enlisting the CDC to support in guidance and training, Ohio public health officials began the process of tracing contacts (McCarty et al., 2014).   Learning through first-hand experience how to identify and monitor individuals that may have interacted with the infected nurse, as well as how to prepare local health facilities regarding ability to properly triage, isolate, and safely transport infected patients, Ohio officials hoped to avert a crisis while assuring the protection of healthcare staff and the general population (McCarty et al., 2014). The total effort in Ohio was extensive and required cooperation from a considerable portion of the state’s counties, with 164 contacts to follow (McCarty et al., 2014). While most of the facilities were determined to be ready to act in the event of an active case of Ebola, the transportation plans and other points of coordination such as transfers between various agencies needed to be established, and the information gleaned from this real-world scenario exemplified the necessity for healthcare facilities to have these forms of emergency preparedness already in place (McCarty et al., 2014). As the number of Ebola cases continued to escalate in the West African region, with confirmed diagnoses reaching over 8,000 into the first couple weeks of October 2014, and deaths numbering over 4,000, the American public attempted to process that two of its own had contracted Ebola on U.S. soil (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).   Fear pervaded the comfort zones of many Americans. Some protested allowing anyone from the African continent to travel to the United States, while others feared encountering individuals that had been anywhere near Africa (Sanburn, 2014). During the various stages of emergency preparedness in Ohio after the turn of events surrounding Mr. Duncan, one business closed when it was learned that an employee was a contact of the Ebola-positive nurse from Texas (Sanburn, 2014). The fear of infection also hit healthcare workers particularly hard. As the investigation ensued into how the two nurses in Texas acquired the Ebola virus, despite employing protective measures, the uncertainty regarding the reliability and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) against Ebola, was compounded with the question of whether training among healthcare personnel was effectively being implemented (Fernandez, 2014).   Both nurses recovered from the disease, and the biocontainment ready facilities in Nebraska and Atlanta would carry on to successfully treat up to 11 total Ebola-positive patients transferred from the West African region by April of 2015 (Hewett, Varkey, Smith, & Ribner, 2015).   The successful treatment and ability to prevent cross-infection of other healthcare workers proved that the U.S. could properly manage an uncommon infectious disease abroad and at home. However the initial problems that led to the fear and uncertainty of the aftermath of Ebola virus disease within the United States, point to unfamiliarity with the disease in general, as well as lack of preparedness at a level that allowed for proper management of a highly infectious patient from the moment they present to a healthcare facility to diagnosis and commensurate care (Hewett, Varkey, Smith, & Ribner, 2015). Management of Ebola virus demands an intricately woven web of planning and preparation that not only carries the foresight of how to identify potential cases, but how to prepare healthcare staff to properly protect themselves and use PPE, how and when to arrange the transport of a patient while preserving a chain of clean and safe hand-off with all involved agencies, and how to conserve the safety of all personnel throughout (Hewett, Varkey, Smith, & Ribner, 2015). This lesson hearkens to the explosion of the outbreak in West Africa as well. Unfamiliar with Ebola virus, many care centers in the affected region attributed initial cases of Ebola to more familiar diseases endemic to the area, such as malaria and yellow fever (World Health Organization, 2015). A combination of initial misinterpretation of disease, lack of effective protocols that would have prevented the continuous spread of cases in both the healthcare facilities and in the civilian sector, populations were simply unaware of the gravity of the situation until it was too late (World Health Organization, 2015). The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak highlighted the need within the United States to filter more time, attention, and funding into research and planning to deal with unique public health emergencies such as Ebola virus (Gostin, Hodge, & Burris, 2015). U.S. assistance via the CDC, U.S. public health affiliates and aid organizations, in hand with military support, was crucial to the eventual containment of the Ebola crisis in West Africa. 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